A recent study published in Nature Astronomy provides evidence for how the planet Venus might have once had plate tectonic activity at the same time as the ancient Earth. This study was led by researchers at Brown University and holds the potential to help scientists better understand the formation and evolution of Venus, including its potential habitability deep in its past.

For the study, the researchers used computer models to produce long-term analyses of Venus’ atmosphere. While they began the models by giving Venus what’s known as a stagnant lid, meaning zero plate tectonics throughout its entire history, they quickly realized this didn’t correlate with the present-day atmospheric composition of Venus, specifically pertaining to carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and the crushing surface pressure, with carbon dioxide comprising more than 96 percent of Venus’ atmosphere. However, once the team incorporated mild plate tectonics into Venus’ past, this most closely matched the planetary conditions of today.

“One of the big picture takeaways is that we very likely had two planets at the same time in the same solar system operating in a plate tectonic regime — the same mode of tectonics that allowed for the life that we see on Earth today,” said Dr. Matt Weller, who is a planetary geophysicist at the Lunar and Planetary Institute but conducted the research as a postdoctoral researcher at Brown, and is lead author of the study.